House call
By Catherine O ’Neill Grace
Pass the Toothpaste, Please
EVERYONE NEEDS TO BRUSH, FLOSS AND SEE THEIR DENTIST REGULARLY, BUT PEOPLE WITH DIABETES NEED TO BE EXTRA VIGILANT ABOUT DENTAL CARE
Susan Karabin, DDS, maintains a private periodontal practice in New York City and is an assistant clinical professor at Columbia University’s School of Dental and Oral Surgery. In October, Dr. Karabin was named president of the American Academy of Periodontology. We talked to her about the diabetes–dentistry connection.
Q.What is the connection between diabetes and dental problems?
A.People with diabetes have a harder time fighting off infection and therefore tend to have a higher incidence of gum disease, including more severe levels of bone loss and periodontal infection. Gum disease can lead to loose or separating teeth; red, swollen and bleeding gums; and even tooth loss if left untreated. However, the connection between diabetes and dental problems may be a two-way street. Just as diabetes can increase the chance of having periodontal disease, research suggests that periodontal disease may make it more challenging for people with diabetes to control their blood sugar.
Q.What can patients do to avoid dental complications? How often should people with diabetes see a dentist?
A.People with diabetes should brush and floss every day, and receive professional cleanings from a dental professional at least twice a year. If a patient does develop gum disease, a visit to a periodontist is advised. [A periodontist is a dental professional specializing in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth.] That professional can determine the best course of treatment. Keeping diabetes under control will also help prevent dental complications. Studies have demonstrated that poorly controlled diabetes can lead to more severe loss of gum tissue, bone and teeth.
Q.What are some warning signs of dental problems that diabetes might be causing?
A.If patients have red, swollen or tender gums, or experience bleeding when brushing or flossing, they should see a dental professional to determine if periodontal disease is the cause. Diabetic patients may also experience a burning sensation in the mouth or on the tongue, dry mouth, or delayed wound healing in the oral cavity. Gum disease is not always symptomatic, so a periodontal evaluation is important.
Q.Is research being done to find treatments for diabetes- related dental problems?
A.Yes. Ongoing research seeks to find more evidence into the connection between diabetes and dental complications, and to find new treatment options. In the meantime, people with diabetes should work with both their physician and dental professional to determine the best treatment.